Impact of feed optimization and extension intervention on productive and reproductive performance in commercial dairy farms of urban areas in the eastern region of Ethiopia

This study aimed at assessing the husbandry practices and evaluates impact of feed optimization on productive performances reproductive disorders dairy cows. The was conducted in purposefully selected Harar Dire Dawa cities 76 16 farms respectively. Data were collected by use semi-structured questionnaires focused group discussion. Commonly used feeds analyzed for their nutrition standardized to cows’ requirement. Milk yield recorded every day four consecutive months while milk composition evaluated month. analysis done SPSS, one-way ANOVA t-Test. pre-intervention results showed that farmers from small, medium large-scale fed cows low concentrate quantity 3.76, 4.61 5.84Kg/day, supplementation per cow significantly different (p<0.0001) among farm-scales. Cows maintained under farm-scales produced yields (9.57-13.07 litter). with lower fat (P<0.0006) whereas small-scale protein urea (P<0.0001). All milking large highly affected oestrus (44.45%), placenta retention (35.19%) repeat breeding (20.37%). technical intervention boosted daily 17.64 27.44%, enhanced most components except urea, reduced incidence all observed disorders. Finally, this concluded regular advice improved production three farm scales.